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Question 33 — The Biochemistry of Movement (25 marks) Answer parts (a) and (b) of the question on pages 2–4 of the Section II Writing Booklet - HSC - SSCE Chemistry - Question 33 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 33
Question 33 — The Biochemistry of Movement (25 marks) Answer parts (a) and (b) of the question on pages 2–4 of the Section II Writing Booklet. Start each part of th... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Question 33 — The Biochemistry of Movement (25 marks) Answer parts (a) and (b) of the question on pages 2–4 of the Section II Writing Booklet - HSC - SSCE Chemistry - Question 33 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Identify TWO main stages of cellular respiration and the location in the cell where each occurs.
Answer
The main stages of cellular respiration are:
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Glycolysis: This occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
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The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): This takes place in the mitochondria of the cell, where further breakdown of the products of glycolysis occurs.
Step 2
Describe the first stage of cellular respiration.
Answer
The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis. In glycolysis, the 6-carbon molecule glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. This anaerobic process does not require oxygen.
During this stage, two molecules of ATP are consumed to initiate the breakdown of glucose, ultimately producing four ATP molecules and a net gain of two ATP. Additionally, two molecules of NADH are generated, which are used in the electron transport chain for further ATP production.
Step 3
Step 4
Explain how both forces and bonding are responsible for the tertiary structure of a protein.
Answer
The tertiary structure of a protein is primarily determined by various types of bonding and interactions between the side chains of the amino acids.
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Hydrophobic Interactions: Non-polar side chains tend to bury themselves in the interior of the protein structure away from the aqueous environment, which stabilizes the overall structure.
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Hydrogen Bonds: These occur between polar side chains and can help to maintain the three-dimensional shape of the protein by connecting different regions of the polypeptide chain.
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Ionic Bonds: These occur between positively and negatively charged side chains of amino acids, further stabilizing the tertiary structure.
The combination of these forces allows the protein to achieve a stable conformation, critical for its biological function.