What features of the molecular structure of ethanol account for its extensive use as a solvent? Include a diagram in your answer. - HSC - SSCE Chemistry - Question 21 - 2011 - Paper 1

Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is a small molecule that is highly effective as a solvent due to several key structural features:

1. Hydroxyl Group (-OH): The presence of a hydroxyl group allows ethanol to engage in hydrogen bonding with water and other polar substances. This property increases its solubility in water, making it a versatile solvent for various chemical reactions.

2. Polarity: Ethanol is a polar molecule, meaning it has a significant distribution of charge due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen. This polarity enhances its ability to dissolve ionic and polar compounds, which is critical in many applications.

3. Hydrogen Bonding Capability: Ethanol can form hydrogen bonds not only with water but also with other ethanol molecules. This ability creates a network of interactions that stabilizes the ethanol and increases its solvent capabilities.

4. Molecular Size: Being a small molecule, ethanol can easily penetrate into various substances, facilitating the dissolving process. Its size allows it to interact with other molecules without steric hindrance.

Diagram

A structural diagram of ethanol showing the hydroxyl group is important to illustrate these features:

   H   H
    |   |
H---C---C---OH
    |   |
   H   H

In the diagram, the hydroxyl group (-OH) is highlighted, demonstrating its role in hydrogen bonding.