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Petroleum and sugar cane are both raw materials used for the production of ethanol - HSC - SSCE Chemistry - Question 26 - 2012 - Paper 1
Question 26
Petroleum and sugar cane are both raw materials used for the production of ethanol. (a) Construct separate flow diagrams for the production of ethanol from each raw... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Petroleum and sugar cane are both raw materials used for the production of ethanol - HSC - SSCE Chemistry - Question 26 - 2012 - Paper 1
Step 1
Flow Diagram for Petroleum
Answer
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Start with Petroleum: The process begins with crude petroleum.
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Fractional Distillation: Separate petroleum into various fractions using fractional distillation, concentrating on fractions that contain hydrocarbons suitable for ethanol production (typically lighter fractions).
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Cracking: Perform catalytic cracking of these fractions to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller ones, allowing for the creation of compounds that can later be converted to ethanol.
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Reforming: Use catalytic reforming to convert these hydrocarbons into more appropriate chemical intermediates.
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Fermentation: Introduce chemical processes (e.g., fermentation) to convert these intermediates into ethanol.
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Purification: Purify the produced ethanol through distillation to achieve the desired purity for use.
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End Product: The final product is ethanol derived from petroleum.
Step 2
Flow Diagram for Sugar Cane
Answer
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Start with Sugar Cane: The process begins with harvesting sugar cane.
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Juicing: Crush the harvested sugar cane to extract the juice, which contains high levels of sucrose.
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Fermentation: Introduce yeast to the sugar cane juice. The yeast ferments the sucrose into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This step takes place in fermentation vessels under controlled conditions.
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Distillation: Once fermentation is complete, the mixture is distilled to separate the ethanol from the other by-products, resulting in a higher concentration of ethanol.
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Dehydration: Use dehydration techniques to refine the ethanol, removing any remaining water content to achieve anhydrous ethanol.
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End Product: The final product is ethanol derived from sugar cane.