The figure shows the pH values of some substances - HSC - SSCE Chemistry - Question 7 - 2004 - Paper 1

If soap has a pH around 12 and wine has a pH around 3, we can calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions. Using the formula:

$[H^+] = 10^{-pH}$

For wine:

$[H^+]_{wine} = 10^{-3}$

For soap:

$[H^+]_{soap} = 10^{-12}$

To find the ratio:

$\frac{[H^+]_{soap}}{[H^+]_{wine}} = \frac{10^{-12}}{10^{-3}} = 10^{-9}$

This shows that soap doesn't have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than wine; hence, this statement is false.

With bleach having a very high pH (around 12) and wine at a pH around 3, the concentration of hydrogen ions in bleach is far lower than in wine, proving this statement false.

If distilled water has a neutral pH of 7, then:

$[H^+]_{water} = 10^{-7}$

And from previous calculations, assuming soap has a pH around 12, we get:

$[H^+]_{soap} = 10^{-12}$

The ratio becomes:

$\frac{[H^+]_{water}}{[H^+]_{soap}} = \frac{10^{-7}}{10^{-12}} = 10^{5}$

This indicates that the concentration of hydrogen ions in distilled water is indeed 100,000 times greater than in soap, thus it can reasonably be concluded that this statement is correct.