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Three squares are chosen at random from the 3 × 3 grid below, and a cross is placed in each chosen square - HSC - SSCE Mathematics Extension 1 - Question 10 - 2017 - Paper 1

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Three squares are chosen at random from the 3 × 3 grid below, and a cross is placed in each chosen square. What is the probability that all three crosses lie in the... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Three squares are chosen at random from the 3 × 3 grid below, and a cross is placed in each chosen square - HSC - SSCE Mathematics Extension 1 - Question 10 - 2017 - Paper 1

Step 1

Calculate Total Possible Selections

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Answer

To find the total number of ways to choose 3 squares from a 3 × 3 grid, we use the combination formula:

C(n,k)=n!k!(nk)!C(n, k) = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}

where ( n ) is the total number of squares (9) and ( k ) is the number of squares to choose (3). Thus, we have:

C(9,3)=9!3!(93)!=9×8×73×2×1=84C(9, 3) = \frac{9!}{3!(9-3)!} = \frac{9 \times 8 \times 7}{3 \times 2 \times 1} = 84

Step 2

Calculate Favorable Outcomes

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Next, we find the number of favorable outcomes where all three crosses are in the same row, column, or diagonal.

  1. Rows: There are 3 rows, and in each row, we can choose all 3 squares in exactly one way. Therefore:

    • Favourable outcomes for rows = 3.
  2. Columns: Similar to rows, there are also 3 columns:

    • Favourable outcomes for columns = 3.
  3. Diagonals: There are 2 diagonals:

    • Favourable outcomes for diagonals = 2.

Adding these gives us:

3+3+2=83 + 3 + 2 = 8

Step 3

Calculate the Probability

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Answer

We can now calculate the probability of the three crosses being in the same row, column or diagonal:

P=Number of favorable outcomesTotal possible selections=884=221P = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total possible selections}} = \frac{8}{84} = \frac{2}{21}

Thus, the final answer is B. 2/21.

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