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Analyse how different types of feedback affect a learner’s progress through the stages of skill acquisition - HSC - SSCE Personal Development and Physical Education - Question 27 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 27
Analyse how different types of feedback affect a learner’s progress through the stages of skill acquisition. Provide examples to support your answer.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Analyse how different types of feedback affect a learner’s progress through the stages of skill acquisition - HSC - SSCE Personal Development and Physical Education - Question 27 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
How different types of feedback affect skill acquisition
Answer
Feedback can be categorized into various types, including external, internal, positive, negative, formative, and summative feedback. Each of these types has distinct implications on how learners progress through the stages of skill acquisition: cognitive, associative, and autonomous.
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External feedback: This type of feedback is provided by an instructor or coach and is crucial during the cognitive stage where understanding of the skill is developing. For instance, when learning to dribble in basketball, a coach might highlight a learner's technique errors, guiding them to make necessary adjustments.
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Internal feedback: This occurs when learners evaluate their own performance. It becomes more dominant in the associative stage as learners start to refine their skills and make adjustments based on their performance. For example, a student may feel when their dribble has lost control and make corrections accordingly.
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Positive feedback: Encouragement that reinforces good performance is especially useful at the cognitive stage. If a learner successfully executes a dribble, praising this success helps build motivation. In contrast, negative feedback can sometimes demotivate but can be necessary to course-correct in more advanced stages.
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Formative feedback: This helps learners in the associative stage, providing ongoing insights to improve their skills. Specific feedback on how to adjust techniques can help refine their dribbling, making it more effective.
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Summative feedback: This is often used at the autonomous stage, assessing what a learner has achieved overall. A coach might evaluate a player's game performance, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement, further guiding skill refinement.
Step 2
Provide examples to support your answer
Answer
To illustrate the concepts mentioned:
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In the cognitive stage, during a basketball practice, a coach observes a player struggling with dribbling and offers specific external feedback, such as 'Keep your head up while dribbling to better see the court.' This targeted feedback aids in understanding the skill's demands.
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In the associative stage, a learner begins to recognize their mistakes from past performances. For example, they may assess their own dribbling technique in a video recording and realize that they are not keeping the ball close enough, prompting a change in behavior.
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Moving to the autonomous stage, a player may participate in competitive games where the coach provides summative feedback post-game. Here, the coach might say, 'You had great control during the game, but you need to work on your speed and agility while dribbling.' This feedback is crucial as the player prepares for higher levels of competition.