Describe how an athlete’s level of arousal affects performance. - HSC - SSCE Personal Development and Physical Education - Question 22 - 2001 - Paper 1

Arousal is a psychological and physiological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli. An athlete's level of arousal can significantly impact their performance, and it varies in its effects based on the type and intensity of the sport. Generally, the relationship between arousal and performance can be understood through the following:

Optimal Arousal

Optimal arousal refers to a moderate level of arousal, which facilitates peak performance. Athletes tend to perform best when they are neither too relaxed nor overly anxious. This is often illustrated by the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which posits that there is an optimal level of arousal for peak performance, and deviating from this level can lead to a decline in results.

Over-Arousal

High levels of arousal can lead to excessive anxiety or nervousness, adversely impacting focus and concentration. In activities requiring fine motor skills, such as archery or golf, over-arousal can cause tremors or errors in technique, ultimately deteriorating performance.

Under-Arousal

Conversely, low levels of arousal can result in a lack of motivation, concentration, and energy, hindering an athlete’s ability to perform. For instance, an under-aroused athlete may struggle to engage fully in a high-stakes competition, leading to poor performance outcomes.

Variance Across Different Sports

It is also essential to recognize that the level of arousal required can vary depending on the sport. Endurance sports may benefit from moderate to low arousal, focusing on maintaining energy and consistency, while high-intensity sports, such as sprinting or team sports like football, may require higher arousal levels to maintain aggression and quick reactions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, an athlete’s level of arousal plays a crucial role in performance, with the need for balance being vital. Athletes should strive to find their optimal arousal levels through various techniques, such as visualization and relaxation strategies, to enhance their overall performance.