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Explain both the risk factors and the protective factors of cardiovascular disease. - HSC - SSCE Personal Development and Physical Education - Question 22 - 2017 - Paper 1
Question 22
Explain both the risk factors and the protective factors of cardiovascular disease.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain both the risk factors and the protective factors of cardiovascular disease. - HSC - SSCE Personal Development and Physical Education - Question 22 - 2017 - Paper 1
Step 1
Risk factors of cardiovascular disease
Answer
Risk factors are behaviors or conditions that increase the chance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Non-modifiable risk factors include age, family history, and gender, whereas modifiable factors can be altered, such as obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
The risk of CVD is heightened for males compared to young females due to the protective nature of oestrogen in women, which helps regulate blood pressure and maintain vascular health. This elevation in risk underscores the necessity of managing these factors to lower the incidence of CVD.
Step 2
Protective factors of cardiovascular disease
Answer
Good nutrition and regular physical activity serve as protective factors against CVD. A diet rich in fiber and unprocessed foods (especially vegetables) can reduce hypertension and plaque buildup in the arteries.
Regular physical activity enhances cardiovascular fitness, thereby diminishing the risk of developing CVD. These lifestyle choices are not only preventive but can also be therapeutic for those already diagnosed with CVD, aiding in their management and recovery.