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In 1877, German workers found a slab of stone containing the fossil of an ancient bird form - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 4 - 2009 - Paper 1
Question 4
In 1877, German workers found a slab of stone containing the fossil of an ancient bird form. The fossil bird was called Archaeopteryx. a. i. Describe how this foss... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:In 1877, German workers found a slab of stone containing the fossil of an ancient bird form - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 4 - 2009 - Paper 1
Step 1
Describe how this fossil could have been formed.
Answer
The formation of the Archaeopteryx fossil likely occurred through a process known as fossilization. This process begins when an organism dies and is buried by sediments, such as mud or sand, which accumulate over time. As layers of sediments build up, they compact and harden due to pressure and mineralization. During this process, minerals from groundwater may replace the organic material, ultimately preserving the shape and structure of the organism as a fossil in sedimentary rock. The conditions must be just right, such as an anoxic environment that prevents decomposition, for the fossil to survive the ages.
Step 2
Explain how such sequencing is possible.
Answer
Sequencing of fossils into an evolutionary timeline is possible due to several key factors. First, scientists can utilize relative dating techniques, such as studying the layers of sedimentary rock where fossils are found. Fossils found deeper in the strata are generally older than those found near the surface. Additionally, carbon dating and other radiometric dating methods help determine the age of certain fossils directly. Furthermore, comparative anatomy allows scientists to analyze similarities and differences in physical structures among fossils, providing insights into evolutionary relationships. Molecular analysis also contributes by revealing genetic connections between species, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary sequences over time.