Many bacteria and viruses are able to enter a body through mucosal surfaces that are only one cell thick - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 22 - 2003 - Paper 1
Question 22
Many bacteria and viruses are able to enter a body through mucosal surfaces that are only one cell thick. If this occurs, they encounter features of specific immunit... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Many bacteria and viruses are able to enter a body through mucosal surfaces that are only one cell thick - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 22 - 2003 - Paper 1
Step 1
A. B cells.
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Answer
B cells are a fundamental part of the adaptive immune system. They are responsible for producing antibodies, which specifically target and neutralize pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, that have breached mucosal surfaces.
Step 2
B. lysozymes.
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Lysozymes are enzymes found in various bodily secretions such as tears, saliva, and other mucosal fluids. They serve a critical role in innate immunity by breaking down the cell walls of bacteria, thus aiding in the prevention of infection.
Step 3
C. washing by tears.
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The act of tearing helps to wash away potential pathogens from the eyes. Tears contain antimicrobial compounds, including enzymes and antibodies, which further help protect against infections.
Step 4
D. washing by urine.
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Urine helps in the elimination of pathogens from the urinary tract. Regular urination prevents bacteria from adhering to the mucosal surfaces, thereby reducing the likelihood of urinary tract infections.
