As part of the first line of defence in the human immune system, naturally occurring barriers to invading pathogens include
A - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 14 - 2013 - Paper 1
Question 14
As part of the first line of defence in the human immune system, naturally occurring barriers to invading pathogens include
A. lysozymes in tears.
B. the production ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:As part of the first line of defence in the human immune system, naturally occurring barriers to invading pathogens include
A - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 14 - 2013 - Paper 1
Step 1
A. lysozymes in tears.
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Answer
Lysozymes are enzymes found in bodily fluids such as tears and saliva, which act as a natural antimicrobial agent. They work by breaking down the cell walls of certain bacteria, effectively preventing infections.
Step 2
B. the production of antibodies.
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Answer
The production of antibodies is part of the adaptive immune response, rather than a first line of defense. Antibodies are specifically generated in response to antigens after exposure to pathogens.
Step 3
C. the engulfing of pathogens by phagocytes.
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Phagocytosis is a crucial process in the innate immune system where phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and digest pathogens, providing a rapid response to infections.
Step 4
D. inflammation at the site of infection.
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Answer
Inflammation is a response that occurs after injury or infection, helping to isolate the pathogen and recruit immune cells. However, like antibodies, it is not considered a first-line barrier.
