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RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis is commonly used to determine genetic variation between individuals - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 6 - 2008 - Paper 1
Question 6
RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis is commonly used to determine genetic variation between individuals. The procedure is summarised below. DNA... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis is commonly used to determine genetic variation between individuals - VCE - SSCE Biology - Question 6 - 2008 - Paper 1
Step 1
a. Explain the reason for their choice.
Answer
The choice of a specific restriction enzyme is crucial in RFLP analysis because different enzymes cut DNA at distinct recognition sites. Scientists select an enzyme that targets regions of interest within the DNA sequence, ensuring that the resulting fragment patterns can reveal genetic variations among individuals. This tailored approach maximizes the likelihood of detecting polymorphisms relevant to the study.
Step 2
i. Describe one characteristic of this sorting process.
Answer
One key characteristic of the sorting process in electrophoresis is that it separates DNA fragments based on their size. Smaller fragments migrate faster through the gel matrix than larger ones, allowing for a clear distinction between different sized pieces of DNA under an applied electrical field.
Step 3
ii. Explain why the DNA of each individual produces a different pattern of fragments after gel electrophoresis, even when the same restriction enzyme is used.
Answer
The DNA of each individual has unique sequences resulting from genetic variation. Even when the same restriction enzyme is applied, these variations can lead to differences in the number and size of the fragments produced. Thus, the resulting banding patterns on the gel are distinctive for each individual, illustrating the genetic diversity among them.
Step 4
c. Describe, at the molecular level, what is meant by the term 'hybridised'. Why is it necessary to carry out hybridisation?
Answer
At the molecular level, 'hybridised' refers to the process where single-stranded nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) pair with complementary sequences, forming a double-stranded molecule. Hybridisation is necessary as it allows specific probes to bind to target sequences within the DNA, facilitating the detection of particular genes or markers. This step is crucial for analyzing and comparing the genetic information accurately.