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The graph shows a sketch of the first ionisation energies of six successive elements in the Periodic Table - CIE - A-Level Chemistry - Question 1 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 1
The graph shows a sketch of the first ionisation energies of six successive elements in the Periodic Table. The letters are not the symbols of the elements. (i) Ex... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The graph shows a sketch of the first ionisation energies of six successive elements in the Periodic Table - CIE - A-Level Chemistry - Question 1 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain what is meant by the term first ionisation energy.
Answer
The first ionisation energy is defined as the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms. This is essentially the energy change that occurs when an electron is removed from an atom in its gaseous state.
Step 2
Suggest why the first ionisation energy of B is much less than that of A.
Answer
The first ionisation energy of element B is lower than that of element A because the outer electron of B is removed from a higher energy level. Additionally, there is more electron shielding in B, which results in less attraction between the outer electron and the nucleus.
Step 3
Sketch a graph to show the trend in the atomic radius of the elements P–T.
Answer
The graph should show a decreasing trend in the atomic radius as you move from element P to element T in Period 3. This is due to the increasing nuclear charge, which pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus while the electrons are being added to the same shell.