Write a clear and organised summary that analyses people's lives in Britain in the period 1750–1900 - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1

The Industrial Revolution was pivotal in shaping the lives of people in Britain. It led to the growth of factories, which created numerous job opportunities. For instance, the rise of textile mills in cities like Manchester not only stimulated economic growth but also drew large populations from rural areas, thus urbanizing the country at an unprecedented rate. This shift resulted in altered living conditions, with many families living in overcrowded and unsanitary housing near industrial centers.

With the rapid industrialization, a new social class emerged—the industrial working class—alongside the established middle and upper classes. This created a distinct division in society. Trade unions began to form in the latter half of the 19th century, advocating for workers' rights and better living conditions. For example, the establishment of the Trade Union Act of 1871 marked a turning point in labor rights, allowing workers to unionize legally.

Urbanization led to dramatic changes in living conditions. Many urban areas struggled to provide adequate sanitation and housing for their growing populations. Diseases such as cholera were rampant in overcrowded neighborhoods. The introduction of public health reforms in the mid-19th century, such as the Public Health Act of 1848, aimed to address these critical issues, reflecting an awareness of the necessity for improved living conditions.

The period also saw an increase in literacy rates and the establishment of compulsory education for children in the late 19th century. The Education Act of 1870 was a significant milestone, making education accessible to a wider population. This emphasis on education facilitated social mobility and the gradual erosion of the rigid class structures that had previously dominated British society.

In conclusion, the lives of people in Britain from 1750 to 1900 were characterized by a series of profound transformations brought about by industrialization, urbanization, and social reforms. These elements not only shaped the socio-economic landscape but also laid the groundwork for modern British society. The examples highlighted above reflect the complexities and challenges faced by individuals during this dynamic period.