This question is about 2-bromopropane - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 5 - 2020 - Paper 2
Question 5
This question is about 2-bromopropane.
1. Define the term electronegativity.
2. Explain the polarity of the C–Br bond in 2-bromopropane.
Electronegativity
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:This question is about 2-bromopropane - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 5 - 2020 - Paper 2
Step 1
Define the term electronegativity.
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Answer
Electronegativity is the relative tendency of an atom to attract a pair of electrons (or electron density) in a covalent bond.
Step 2
Explain the polarity of the C–Br bond in 2-bromopropane.
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Answer
The C–Br bond is polar due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon and bromine. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon, which leads to a partial negative charge on the bromine atom and a partial positive charge on the carbon atom.
Step 3
Outline the mechanism for the reaction of 2-bromopropane with an excess of ammonia.
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The reaction mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack of ammonia on the carbon atom bonded to bromine. A curly arrow indicates the movement of electrons from the C–Br bond to bromine, resulting in the formation of a carbocation intermediate. Next, another arrow shows the lone pair of electrons from the nitrogen in ammonia attacking the carbocation, leading to the release of a hydrogen ion and the formation of the final product.
Step 4
Draw the skeletal formula of the main organic species formed in the reaction between a large excess of 2-bromopropane and ammonia.
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Answer
The skeletal formula would typically depict the product, which is an amine derived from the reaction of 2-bromopropane and ammonia. Additionally, a valid use of the product could be as a hair conditioner (or cationic surfactant).