Benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride (HCOCl) in the presence of a catalyst. 8.1 Give an equation for the overall reaction when benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride. Name the organic product. Equation Name 8.2 Identify the catalyst needed in this reaction. Give an equation to show how the catalyst is used to form the electrophile, [HCO]⁺. Catalyst Equation 8.3 Outline the mechanism for the reaction of benzene with the electrophile, [HCO]⁺.

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Benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride (HCOCl) in the presence of a catalyst - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 8 - 2022 - Paper 2

Question 8

Benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride (HCOCl) in the presence of a catalyst. 8.1 Give an equation for the overall reaction when benzene reacts with methanoyl chlor... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride (HCOCl) in the presence of a catalyst - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 8 - 2022 - Paper 2

Step 1

8.1 Give an equation for the overall reaction when benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride.

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Answer

The overall reaction when benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride (HCOCl) produces benzaldehyde and hydrochloric acid. The balanced chemical equation is:

$C_6H_6 + HCOCl \rightarrow C_6H_5CHO + HCl$

The organic product formed is benzaldehyde.

Step 2

8.2 Identify the catalyst needed in this reaction.

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Answer

The catalyst required for this reaction is aluminum chloride (AlCl₃). This catalyst is used to activate the methanoyl chloride and form the electrophile, [HCO]⁺.

An equation to illustrate how the catalyst is used is:

$HCOCl + AlCl_3 \rightarrow [HCO]^{+} + [AlCl_4]^{-}$

Step 3

8.3 Outline the mechanism for the reaction of benzene with the electrophile, [HCO]⁺.

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Answer

The mechanism for the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction involves the following steps:

Formation of the Electrophile: The electrophile [HCO]⁺ is formed in the presence of aluminum chloride.
Attack of the Electrophile: The π electrons from the benzene ring attack the electrophile, leading to the formation of a sigma complex.
Deprotonation: The sigma complex loses a proton (H⁺), regenerating the aromaticity of the benzene ring.

This gives the final product, benzaldehyde.

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Benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride (HCOCl) in the presence of a catalyst - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 8 - 2022 - Paper 2

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride (HCOCl) in the presence of a catalyst - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 8 - 2022 - Paper 2

8.1 Give an equation for the overall reaction when benzene reacts with methanoyl chloride.

8.2 Identify the catalyst needed in this reaction.

8.3 Outline the mechanism for the reaction of benzene with the electrophile, [HCO]⁺.

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