A-Level AQA Chemistry Types of Bonding & Properties: Cisplatin, [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂], is use

Question

Cisplatin, [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂], is used as an anti-cancer drug.

Cisplatin works by causing the death of rapidly dividing cells.

Name the process that is prevented by cisplatin during cell division.

After cisplatin enters a cell, one of the chloride ligands is replaced by a water molecule to form a complex ion, B.

Give the equation for this reaction.

When the complex ion B reacts with DNA, the water molecule is used as a bond forms between platinum and a nitrogen atom in a guanine nucleotide.
The remaining chloride ligand is also replaced as a bond forms between platinum and a nitrogen atom in another guanine nucleotide.

Figure 1 represents two adjacent guanine nucleotides in DNA.
Complete Figure 1 to show how the platinum complexes form a cross-link between the guanine nucleotides.

An experiment is done to investigate the rate of reaction in Question 04.2.
During the experiment the concentration of cisplatin is measured at one-minute intervals.
Explain how graphical methods can be used to process the measured results, to confirm that the reaction is first order.

In another experiment, the effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction in Question 04.2 is investigated.
Table 1 shows the results.

Complete Table 1.

The Arrhenius equation can be written in the form

ln k = -Eₐ/RT + ln A

Use the data in Table 1 to plot a graph of ln k against

1/T on the grid in Figure 2.

Calculate the activation energy, Eₐ, in kJ mol⁻¹.

The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹.

Cisplatin, [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂], is used as an anti-cancer drug - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 3

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Cisplatin, [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂], is used as an anti-cancer drug - AQA - A-Level Chemistry - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 3

Name the process that is prevented by cisplatin during cell division.

Give the equation for this reaction.

Complete Figure 1 to show how the platinum complexes form a cross-link between the guanine nucleotides.

Explain how graphical methods can be used to process the measured results, to confirm that the reaction is first order.

Complete Table 1.

Calculate the activation energy, Eₐ, in kJ mol⁻¹.

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