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Using Figure 2a, Figure 2b and your own knowledge, to what extent do you agree that tourism is a threat to Antarctica? Figure 2a shows percentage breakdown of main tourist activities for visitors to Antarctica in 2016–17 - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 1 - 2020 - Paper 2
Question 1
Using Figure 2a, Figure 2b and your own knowledge, to what extent do you agree that tourism is a threat to Antarctica? Figure 2a shows percentage breakdown of main... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Using Figure 2a, Figure 2b and your own knowledge, to what extent do you agree that tourism is a threat to Antarctica? Figure 2a shows percentage breakdown of main tourist activities for visitors to Antarctica in 2016–17 - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 1 - 2020 - Paper 2
Step 1
AO1 - Knowledge and understanding of the threats to Antarctica from tourism
Answer
Tourism numbers in Antarctica have more than doubled in the past 20 years, putting increased pressure on its fragile nature. The primary threat comes from large cruise ships which pose risks such as oil spills and the introduction of invasive species like Mediterranean mussels. However, effective governance through the Antarctic Treaty system and IAATO measures aims to limit the threat by preventing large cruise ships from landing more than 10 tourists for landing sites.
Tourists can only access a small portion of Antarctica, and research indicates that only 10 out of 100 landing sites show signs of wear and tear.
Step 2
AO2 - Analyse and evaluate the extent to which tourism is a threat to Antarctica
Answer
Analysis of Figure 2a shows that up to 53% of people may not actually be landing on Antarctica, suggesting that the perceived threat may be less than it seems. However, large cruise ships present risks such as the chance of collision and subsequent oil spills.
Figure 2a also gives insight into how tourists engage with the fragile ecosystem, as many large cruise ships are not allowed to land in sensitive areas. Furthermore, the data shows that the activities visitors partake in, like kayaking, might have less of a direct impact than the environmental risks posed by larger vessels. There is a need to consider the broader implications of tourism, weighing potential benefits against ecological disruptions. Overall, it is crucial to balance tourism with conservation efforts to protect Antarctica's fragile environment.