Using Figure 12a, Figure 12b and your own knowledge, assess the potential role of human activity as an arresting factor shaping this landscape - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 1

Human activity plays a significant role in shaping moorland landscapes, particularly through processes such as management of heather moorland and the phenomenon of plagioclimax.

Understanding Plagioclimax

The figure indicates a sequence of vegetation types that evolve from bare rock to climax woodland. However, human intervention can prevent this natural progression by maintaining particular stages of succession, namely the heather phase. For instance, grazing practices and controlled burning are used to manage heather for recreational purposes, such as shooting and grazing livestock.

Impacts of Management

These management practices not only preserve heather moorland but also alter the species composition and biodiversity. While this may benefit specific flora and fauna, it can inhibit the natural ecological development toward a climax community. Consequently, human actions can inadvertently lead to a more diverse ecosystem due to the continuous manipulation of vegetation.

Challenges to Succession

Moorlands that are frequently disturbed by human activities, such as tourism and overgrazing, may experience soil erosion and reduced fertility, leading to a less stable environment. If the heather is over-utilized without proper conservation efforts, the land could revert to an earlier successional stage, emphasizing the delicate balance required in management practices.

Socioeconomic Factors

Furthermore, the socio-economic needs of communities surrounding these landscapes necessitate management that aligns ecological goals with economic viability. Therefore, the fate of these landscapes is not just a matter of ecological theory, but also involves human considerations that can significantly thwart or shape the succession process.

In conclusion, while human activity can serve as an arresting factor, it can also be a double-edged sword, leading to both the preservation of unique ecosystems and the risk of ecological degradation.