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For one urban area you have studied, to what extent are environmental problems a consequence of globalisation? [9 marks] - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 2
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For one urban area you have studied, to what extent are environmental problems a consequence of globalisation? [9 marks]
Worked Solution & Example Answer:For one urban area you have studied, to what extent are environmental problems a consequence of globalisation? [9 marks] - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Knowledge and understanding of environmental problems in urban areas
Answer
In the urban area of Mumbai, several environmental problems are prevalent. These include:
- Water Pollution: A significant issue due to industrial waste and untreated sewage being dumped into waterways, exacerbated by population density.
- Air Pollution: Caused by vehicular emissions and industrial discharge, which are results of increased urbanization and economic activities.
- Deforestation and Lack of Green Space: Urban expansion has led to the destruction of green areas, increasing pollution levels and reducing biodiversity.
- Traffic Congestion: Results in higher emissions and a decline in air quality, representing the urban stress from globalization.
Step 2
Evaluation of the extent to which environmental problems are a result of Globalisation
Answer
Globalisation plays a crucial role in exacerbating these environmental problems:
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Increased Industrial Activity: The influx of multinational companies has led to factories being established in urban areas, leading to pollution from industrial waste. For example, the establishment of factories in and around Mumbai has resulted in greater waste output without adequate regulation.
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Urban Migration: People moving to urban areas for better job opportunities has significantly increased the population, straining resources and increasing waste production. This drastic rise in urban population intensifies challenges like waste management.
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Increased Consumption: Global demand for goods results in higher production rates, further complicating the environmental scenario. For instance, Mumbai’s booming IT sector has not only increased economic growth but has also led to higher energy consumption and waste.
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Global Supply Chains: Items processed in Mumbai often contribute to global environmental issues, linking local problems to global market demands.
However, it's also essential to consider that
- not all environmental issues can be directly attributed to globalisation. Local factors and governance play significant roles. Addressing pollution and urban challenges requires not only understanding global influences but also local governance and management.