Evaluate the impact of human activity upon the future prospects for coral reefs. - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 1

Introduction

The future prospects for coral reefs are significantly influenced by various human activities. Understanding these impacts is critical to conserving these vital ecosystems.

Key Factors Affecting Coral Reefs

1. Water Temperature: As global temperatures rise due to climate change, coral reefs are vulnerable to bleaching events, where corals expel the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that provide them with nutrients. This not only affects individual coral health but can lead to wider reef degradation.

2. Pollution: Coastal development often leads to increased pollution, including runoff from agriculture and urban areas. Pollutants can lead to algal blooms, which compete with coral for space and resources.

3. Overfishing: Unsustainable fishing practices disrupt the ecological balance of reef environments, affecting both coral and fish populations essential for maintaining reef health.

Human Activities Impacting Coral Reefs

• Tourism: While it can provide economic benefits, tourism often leads to habitat destruction and increased waste, which can degrade coral ecosystems.
• Coastal Development: Infrastructure projects, like hotels and marinas, can directly damage reefs and alter water quality, further stressing coral populations.

Future Prospects

Given the current trajectory of human activity, coral reefs face grave challenges. The long-term survival of coral is intrinsically linked to the actions taken by humans. A multi-faceted approach involving better management and protection practices can help mitigate some impacts. For example, establishing marine protected areas can aid in recovery and sustainability.

Conclusion

In conclusion, if human activities continue unchecked, the future of coral reefs looks bleak. However, targeted conservation efforts and sustainable practices can enhance their resilience against the ongoing threats they face. It is paramount that we evaluate our actions carefully and work collectively to ensure the preservation of these vital ecosystems.