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Using Figures 8a, 8b and your own knowledge, how far do you agree that Thailand has achieved a demographic dividend? Figure 8a shows the population structure for Thailand in 1980, 2010 and 2030 (projected) - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 4 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 4
Using Figures 8a, 8b and your own knowledge, how far do you agree that Thailand has achieved a demographic dividend? Figure 8a shows the population structure for Th... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Using Figures 8a, 8b and your own knowledge, how far do you agree that Thailand has achieved a demographic dividend? Figure 8a shows the population structure for Thailand in 1980, 2010 and 2030 (projected) - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 4 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Analysis of Figure 8a and the demographic dividend
Answer
In analyzing Figure 8a, Thailand's population structure has evolved significantly from 1980 to 2030. In 1980, the population pyramid exhibits a broad base, indicative of high birth rates, with a notable decline by 2010, suggesting a transition from stage 2 to stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM).
By 2030, projections indicate a narrowing base, pointing towards lower fertility rates and an aging population. The low percentage of youth in the pyramid supports the idea that Thailand is approaching a demographic dividend as it has more individuals in the working-age groups compared to dependents.
Step 2
Evaluation of the relationship between Figure 8a and the demographic dividend
Answer
The analysis supports the notion that Thailand has indeed moved towards achieving a demographic dividend. As fertility rates have decreased significantly—from 3.4 in 1980 to 1.5 in 2015—the ratio of working-age individuals has increased, thus potentially boosting economic productivity. However, the projections for 2030 show an increase in the aging population, which may imply the strain on economic resources.
Step 3
Evaluation of Figure 8b and its implications
Answer
Figure 8b provides visual evidence of Thailand's economic growth and demographic changes from 1980 to 2015. Notably, adult literacy rates have risen consistently, from 88.0% in 1980 to 94.0% in 2015, suggesting an investment in human capital that is essential for economic development. The GDP growth rate fluctuated, reaching a peak of 5.5% in 2015, indicating a potential correlation between demographic transitions and economic performance.
Step 4
Conclusion regarding Thailand's demographic dividend achievement
Answer
In conclusion, based on the interpretation of Figures 8a and 8b, it can be argued that Thailand has achieved a demographic dividend through lower fertility rates and increased literacy, which enhances the economic potential of the working-age population. However, the looming challenges of an aging demographic may pose risks that need to be addressed to sustain this dividend and bolster future economic growth.