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Assess the relative usefulness of the Park Model and the Hazard Management Cycle in understanding the impact of seismic events - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 5
Assess the relative usefulness of the Park Model and the Hazard Management Cycle in understanding the impact of seismic events. [20 marks]
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Assess the relative usefulness of the Park Model and the Hazard Management Cycle in understanding the impact of seismic events - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
Assess the relative usefulness of the Park Model
Answer
The Park Model, also known as the Disaster Response Curve, is particularly useful for illustrating the stages of recovery following a seismic event. It charts how a community's quality of life and safety may fluctuate in relation to the disaster's impact.
The model emphasizes that the higher the magnitude and intensity of the seismic event, the steeper the initial decline in the quality of life, and conversely, the longer the recovery time required to return to pre-disaster levels. This model serves to highlight the importance of preparedness and risk management, suggesting that communities can better manage responses if they are aware of these factors.
Critically, while the Park Model is effective in its capacity to visualize recovery, it has limitations. It does not account for the varied resilience capacities of different communities which may lead to differing recovery trajectories. Additionally, it tends to oversimplify the complex social, political, and economic factors influencing recovery.
Step 2
Assess the relative usefulness of the Hazard Management Cycle
Answer
In contrast, the Hazard Management Cycle provides a more comprehensive framework for understanding the entirety of disaster management, including prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery phases.
This cycle emphasizes the necessity for ongoing risk assessment and planning to mitigate impacts before a disaster occurs. It encompasses the entire lifecycle of disaster management, which is pivotal in understanding preparedness efforts and how they can significantly influence recovery outcomes. Notably, the Hazard Management Cycle allows for adaptive response strategies based on lessons learned from previous events.
However, its complexity can be a downside as it requires coordinated efforts across various sectors and levels of government, which may be challenging. Additionally, the cycle may not precisely illustrate the emotional and psychological impacts that individuals in affected communities experience, aspects that are somewhat encapsulated in the Park Model.
Step 3
Conclusion on the relative usefulness of both models
Answer
Both models are essential for understanding the response and recovery phases following seismic events. The Park Model effectively showcases the immediate impacts and the necessity for responsive actions, while the Hazard Management Cycle broadens the understanding of continuous proactive measures that can mitigate disaster effects comprehensively.
In conclusion, the Park Model is particularly useful for visualizing the immediate aftermath of disasters, whereas the Hazard Management Cycle serves as a comprehensive guide to managing disaster risks over time. Proper application of both models enhances understanding and facilitates better planning and community resilience against seismic events.