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How far do you agree that new urban landscapes such as fortress developments, heritage quarters and edge cities have intensified issues associated with economic inequality and social segregation? [20 marks] - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 2
Question 3
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How far do you agree that new urban landscapes such as fortress developments, heritage quarters and edge cities have intensified issues associated with economic ineq... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How far do you agree that new urban landscapes such as fortress developments, heritage quarters and edge cities have intensified issues associated with economic inequality and social segregation? [20 marks] - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 2
Step 1
AO1 - Knowledge and understanding of new urban landscapes
Answer
To address the question, it is crucial to define new urban landscapes, including fortress developments, heritage quarters, and edge cities. Fortress developments, characterized by physical barriers and controlled access, have emerged to create exclusive environments, often excluding marginalized groups. Heritage quarters aim to preserve cultural identity but can inadvertently lead to gentrification, exacerbating economic disparities. Edge cities frequently signify suburban sprawl, which contributes to social segregation by reinforcing socio-economic divides through limited access to resources.
Step 2
AO2 - Application of knowledge and understanding to analyze and evaluate the extent to which new urban landscapes have exacerbated issues associated with economic inequality and social segregation
Answer
The relationship between new urban landscapes and economic inequality is evident in various ways. For instance, fortress developments often ensure that wealthier residents are safeguarded from poorer populations, leading to social exclusion. In cities like Manchester, the presence of high-end developments spurs a mismatch in housing supply, further elevating prices and making it increasingly difficult for lower-income families to reside in the area.
On the other hand, heritage quarters, while celebrated for their cultural value, possess the potential to marginalize lower income groups through rising property values, forcing them out. A comparison reveals that while heritage quarters may attract tourism and investment, they simultaneously promote inequality by pricing out local inhabitants.
Edge cities encapsulate this phenomenon too, where limited public transport exacerbates access issues for less affluent communities. This results in social isolation, as poorer populations are unable to benefit from the amenities available in these newly developed spaces.
In conclusion, despite the potential for new urban landscapes to foster inclusivity, they often intensify existing issues of economic inequality and social segregation when designed without equitable considerations.