For one urban area you have studied, to what extent are environmental problems a consequence of globalisation? [9 marks] - AQA - A-Level Geography - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 2

Globalisation is characterized by the flows of capital, labor, products, services, and ideas across borders. In the context of environmental problems, globalisation often leads to increased industrialization in developing urban areas such as Dhaka. This results in environmental degradation as industries release pollutants, and urban sprawl encroaches on green spaces. Additionally, the transference of environmental costs from developed countries to developing ones exemplifies the uneven effects of globalisation.

The extent to which environmental problems are a consequence of globalisation largely depends on the migration patterns and industrial growth driven by global economic ties. For instance, the rapid growth of the garment industry in Bangladesh has led to a significant increase in water and air pollution. The influx of foreign investments has created jobs; however, it has also resulted in severe environmental implications, including increased waste generation and destruction of local ecosystems. Moreover, global technology companies contribute to urban issues by establishing operations without fully addressing local environmental regulations, further exacerbating pollution and waste management challenges.