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Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 8
Question 5
Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast. The island is connected to the mainland by a fibre optic cable lying along the seabed and i... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 8
Step 1
Outline the way each communications system operates
Answer
Fibre Optic Cabling
- Operating Principle: Fibre optic communication involves sending data over light pulses traveling through glass or plastic fibers. The process relies on Total Internal Reflection (TIR), ensuring that light signals stay within the core of the fibre.
- Components: These systems typically include a transmitter (often a laser or LED) that converts electrical signals into light, and a receiver that converts the light back into electrical signals.
- Advantages: Fibre optic cables have high bandwidth capacity, providing high-speed data transmission, and are resistant to electromagnetic interference.
Satellite Communication
- Operating Principle: Satellite communication systems transmit data from a ground station to a satellite in orbit, which then relays the signal back to another ground station. This involves both uplink and downlink processes.
- Components: Key components include satellite dishes that send and receive signals, ground stations with antennas, and the satellite itself, which acts as a relay.
- Frequency Range: Typical satellite frequencies range from 12 to 18 GHz for communication.
Step 2
Suggest, with reasons, your choice of system for each solution
Answer
Solution for Island B
- Fibre Optic Cabling: For immediate communication needs during the development of the holiday resort, fibre optic cabling is preferred due to its capability for high-speed internet and reliable data transfer. This can support various services such as internet, telephony, and security systems essential for a holiday resort.
- Reason: The installation of a fibre optic network will ensure robust connectivity essential for modern resort operations.
Solution for Oil Rig C
- Satellite Communication: Given the mobile nature of oil rig C and its potential distance from land, a satellite communication system is crucial for providing continuous connectivity during the exploration phase.
- Reason: Satellite systems can maintain communication even when the rig is far from the mainland, allowing for real-time data transfer and operational coordination. This is vital for safety and efficiency in oil exploration.