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Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 8
Question 5
Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast. The island is connected to the mainland by a fibre optic cable lying along the seabed and i... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 8 shows island A, a fully developed island off the mainland coast - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 8
Step 1
Outline the way each communications system operates.
Answer
Fibre Optic Communication
Fibre optic communication uses light to transmit data through thin glass fibers. The light is transmitted via total internal reflection (TIR), ensuring that it travels along the fiber with minimal loss. Data can be transmitted at high speeds, making it ideal for internet and telecommunication services.
- Signal Transmission: Data is converted into light pulses.
- Transmission Medium: The light travels through the fiber, which provides low attenuation and high bandwidth.
- Receiving End: Light is detected by a photodiode, which converts the light back to electrical signals.
Satellite Communication
Satellite communication involves sending and receiving data via a satellite orbiting the Earth. Signals are transmitted from a ground station to a satellite and then relayed back to a receiving station on Earth.
- Uplink: Ground stations send signals to the satellite using high-frequency radio waves.
- Satellite Transponder: The satellite receives and amplifies the signal, then re-transmits it back to the ground.
- Downlink: The receiving station captures the signal and converts it into usable data.
Step 2
Suggest, with reasons, your choice of system for each solution.
Answer
For Island B
Solution: Fibre Optic Connection
- Justification: Given the planned development of a holiday resort, a reliable and high-speed internet connection is essential for operational management, guest services, and entertainment systems. Fibre optics provides a stable and high-capacity transmission allowing for numerous users simultaneously with minimal lag.
For Oil Rig C
Solution: Satellite Communication
- Justification: Since oil rig C operates in an offshore environment, setting up a fibre optic cable would be logistically complex and costly. Satellite communication provides a versatile and effective means to maintain connectivity even in remote locations, allowing for real-time data transfer and support for operational needs.