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A patient with a suspected broken arm is going to have an X-ray image taken - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 2 - 2017 - Paper 5
Question 2
A patient with a suspected broken arm is going to have an X-ray image taken. Explain the risk to the patient of exposure to X-rays. Go on to discuss three ways by ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:A patient with a suspected broken arm is going to have an X-ray image taken - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 2 - 2017 - Paper 5
Step 1
Explain the risk to the patient of exposure to X-rays.
Answer
X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation, which means they carry enough energy to ionize atoms and molecules. This exposure can potentially damage living tissue by altering the DNA structure, which may lead to cancer over time. Prolonged or repeated exposure increases the risk, particularly for sensitive areas of the body, such as the reproductive organs.
Step 2
Discuss three ways by which the design and use of the X-ray equipment minimises this risk.
Answer
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Use of Lead Shields: Radiology departments often provide lead aprons and shields to patients being X-rayed. These shields absorb a significant amount of radiation, thereby reducing the exposure to non-targeted body parts.
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Collimation: Modern X-ray machines are designed to use collimation, which narrows the beam of X-rays. This technique ensures that only the specific area under investigation is exposed to radiation, minimizing unnecessary exposure to surrounding tissues.
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Adjustable Exposure Settings: X-ray machines are equipped with adjustable exposure settings that allow radiologists to tailor the dose of radiation to the specific needs of the patient and the examination. By controlling the intensity and duration of the exposure, the risks associated with excess radiation can be reduced significantly.