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Michael has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 6
Michael has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His symptoms include hearing voices telling him what to do, and not being able to put his thoughts into a logical... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Michael has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
AO1: Explain the role of neurotransmitters in schizophrenia.
Answer
Research indicates that too many dopamine receptor sites in the brain can lead to excess dopamine, which is linked to schizophrenia. Schizophrenics often have a higher number of D2 dopamine receptor sites, causing increased dopamine activity and positively influencing psychotic symptoms such as delusions. Additionally, the role of glutamate in regulating dopamine levels is crucial; reduced glutamate can exacerbate psychotic symptoms. Moreover, higher serotonin activity could also contribute positively and negatively to schizophrenia symptoms.
Step 2
AO2: Apply your understanding to Michael's case.
Answer
If Michael has an increased level of dopamine in his mesolimbic system, it could clarify why he is hearing voices telling him what to do. Due to a potential lack of social activity, Michael may face reduced engagement with friends, further intensifying feelings of isolation. Furthermore, his use of PCP could have impacted his neurotransmitter balance, as it acts as an antagonist, potentially limiting serotonin activity, further complicating his condition.
Step 3
AO3: Evaluate the overall explanation for Michael's schizophrenia.
Answer
Carlsson et al. (2000) emphasized the roles of dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin, showcasing the interconnectedness of neurotransmitters in fostering schizophrenia. Although neurotransmitter abnormalities provide insights into Michael’s condition, genetic factors and substance use cannot be wholly discounted. Anti-psychotic medications targeting dopamine receptors support the notion that neurotransmitter imbalance plays a significant role. However, this explanation must be supplemented with other environmental and genetic considerations to form a comprehensive understanding of Michael's schizophrenia.