Hector and his mother have schizophrenia - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 2

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in brain communication and can significantly influence mood and behavior, particularly in conditions such as schizophrenia.

The Dopamine Hypothesis

One of the major theories explaining schizophrenia is the dopamine hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that excessive levels of dopamine in the brain contribute to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations and delusions that Hector experiences. For instance, the revised dopamine hypothesis suggests that hyperactivity of dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway, specifically through D2 receptors, leads to these positive symptoms.

Negative Symptoms and Dopamine

Conversely, the revised hypothesis also notes that a deficiency of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex may lead to negative symptoms, such as disordered thinking and lack of motivation. This could explain why Hector struggles to make connections between his thoughts.

Glutamate and Schizophrenia

Furthermore, if glutamate production is disrupted, it can create an imbalance in dopamine levels, potentially increasing the expression of schizophrenia symptoms. This shows the complexity of neurotransmitter interactions in relation to mental health.

Anti-Psychotic Treatment

Hector's doctor administers anti-psychotic medications to balance dopamine levels in his brain, which aim to mitigate the symptoms of schizophrenia. By reducing the levels of dopamine, the medication may work to alleviate Hector's positive symptoms, which include hearing voices and delusions.

In conclusion, understanding the role of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, provides valuable insights into Hector’s schizophrenia and the rationale behind the treatment he receives.