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Evaluate a contemporary study on a disorder other than schizophrenia. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 6 - 2017 - Paper 2
Question 6
Evaluate a contemporary study on a disorder other than schizophrenia.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Evaluate a contemporary study on a disorder other than schizophrenia. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 6 - 2017 - Paper 2
Step 1
Anorexia Nervosa - AO1
Answer
Anorexia Nervosa is a disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to self-starvation. The neurobiology of anorexia suggests that the ventromedial hypothalamus plays a critical role; when stimulated by neurotransmitters, it results in the feeling of hunger. Conversely, stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus induces feelings of satiety. Thus, dysfunctional regulation in these areas can severely impact the appetite regulation of an individual with anorexia.
Research has shown that decreased levels of epinephrine in individuals with anorexia correlates with their inability to eat, while excessive serotonin and norepinephrine activity can contribute to feelings of anxiety towards eating. Additionally, elevated levels of opioids in individuals with anorexia may hinder the pursuit of pleasurable activities, which includes eating.
Step 2
Anorexia Nervosa - AO3
Answer
Various studies shed light on the neurobiological underpinnings of anorexia nervosa. For instance, research conducted by Kaye (2011) indicates a heightened level of dopamine in anorexic individuals that is linked more to anxiety than to pleasure, which diverges from patterns observed in non-anorexic individuals. This suggests a complex interplay between genetic predispositions and societal pressures regarding body image, which may lead to the development of anorexia.
Furthermore, Baber et al. (2014) explored pharmacological interventions, finding that certain medications aimed at reducing anxiety were effective in encouraging individuals to gain weight. However, this approach does not address the underlying cognitive and societal factors that contribute to anorexia, such as the pervasive societal emphasis on thinness.
In conclusion, while biological factors play a significant role in anorexia nervosa, it is crucial to incorporate psychological therapies and to consider societal influences for a comprehensive understanding of the disorder.