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Explain one strength and one weakness of using a cross-sectional design for the junior to senior Pinocchio study - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 3
Question 1
Explain one strength and one weakness of using a cross-sectional design for the junior to senior Pinocchio study. Strength Weakness Table 2 shows the average lying... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain one strength and one weakness of using a cross-sectional design for the junior to senior Pinocchio study - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 3
Step 1
Explain one strength and one weakness of using a cross-sectional design for the junior to senior Pinocchio study.
Answer
One strength of using a cross-sectional design is that it allows researchers to efficiently collect data from a large group of participants across various age categories at one point in time. This provides a snapshot of lying ability and frequency that can be valuable for comparison across ages.
One weakness is that a cross-sectional design does not allow for examination of changes over time, which means that researchers miss out on capturing developmental trends or individual variations in lying ability as participants age.
Step 2
Explain two conclusions you can make using the data in Table 2 regarding the lying ability of the participants in the age categories.
Answer
Firstly, young adults (18-29 years) show the lowest error rate of 8.55%, indicating that they are generally the most able liars compared to other age groups.
Secondly, participants aged 6-8 years have the highest error rate of 3.83%, suggesting that younger children struggle more with lying, possibly due to their developmental stage and lesser understanding of the nuances of deceit.
Step 3
Explain one weakness of the junior to senior Pinocchio study in terms of validity.
Answer
A weakness in terms of validity is that participants were self-reported on how often they lied in a day. This relies on their honesty and awareness of their own behavior, and could lead to inaccurate data if participants downplay or exaggerate their lying frequency.
Step 4
Explain one strength of the junior to senior Pinocchio study in terms of reliability.
Answer
A strength in terms of reliability is that all participants answered the same 15 questions, which ensures consistency across the data collected. This allows for comparability and the ability to repeat the study under the same conditions to verify findings.
Step 5
State one conclusion that could be made from Figure 1 with reference to the type of skew shown.
Answer
The data from Figure 1 suggests a positive skew in the distribution of lying frequency, as the majority of participants lied very infrequently in the past 24 hours, with a gradual decline in percentage as the number of lies increases.
Step 6
Step 7
Explain one weakness that could occur using a volunteer sampling technique for the junior to senior Pinocchio study.
Answer
A weakness of using a volunteer sampling technique is that it may attract participants who are more willing to engage, likely skewing the representation of lying ability. These volunteers might have an underlying interest or experience in the topic, leading to data that is not representative of the broader population's lying behavior.