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Compare the biological explanation of aggression with Freud’s psychodynamic explanation of aggression. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 9 - 2017 - Paper 1
Question 9
Compare the biological explanation of aggression with Freud’s psychodynamic explanation of aggression.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Compare the biological explanation of aggression with Freud’s psychodynamic explanation of aggression. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 9 - 2017 - Paper 1
Step 1
Biological Explanation of Aggression
Answer
The biological explanation of aggression emphasizes the role of genetics, hormones, and neurobiology. It suggests that aggression is influenced by inherited traits and the biological processes that govern emotions and behaviors. For example, elevated levels of testosterone have been correlated with increased aggression in both animals and humans. Studies involving brain structures, like the amygdala, have also shown that certain neurological conditions can lead to heightened aggressive responses. This perspective views aggression as a built-in survival mechanism, biologically programmed to promote defense and dominance.
Step 2
Freud’s Psychodynamic Explanation of Aggression
Answer
Freud’s psychodynamic theory posits that aggression arises from the unconscious mind, driven by instinctual desires and repressed emotions. Freud identifies two primary instincts: Eros (the life instinct) and Thanatos (the death instinct), with aggression being a manifestation of Thanatos. According to Freud, unresolved conflicts during early development stages, particularly within the family dynamic, can lead to aggressive behaviors. This explanation highlights the importance of psychological factors and the complexities of human motivation that are not strictly biologically determined.
Step 3
Comparison of Explanations
Answer
While both explanations acknowledge the innate aspects contributing to aggression, they differ in their approach. The biological explanation focuses on physiological influences and observable traits, suggesting a more deterministic view of behavior based on biology. In contrast, Freud’s psychodynamic theory emphasizes the complexities of the human psyche, the role of experiences, and the interplay between our conscious and unconscious motivations. Additionally, the biological approach may lend itself more to empirical validation through research studies, whereas Freud's theories are often criticized for their inability to be scientifically tested.