Describe how recreational drugs change the way neurotransmitters operate within the brain. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 7 - 2017 - Paper 1

Recreational drugs significantly alter the functioning of neurotransmitters in several ways. Primarily, these substances can mimic the natural neurotransmitters, binding to their receptors and thereby triggering similar responses in the brain. This process can lead to heightened sensations of pleasure, as seen with stimulants like cocaine, which increases the levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure.

Additionally, drugs can also block the reuptake of neurotransmitters, preventing them from being recycled back into the presynaptic neuron. For instance, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) enhance serotonin levels by blocking its reabsorption, which can improve mood.

Moreover, certain drugs may inhibit the release of neurotransmitters altogether, disrupting normal communication between neurons. Opioids, for example, can suppress the release of pain-related neurotransmitters, resulting in pain relief and euphoria.

Overall, recreational drugs can drastically distort the brain's neurotransmitter balance, leading to altered states of consciousness, dependency, and various neurological effects.