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Compare the biological explanation of aggression with Freud’s psychodynamic explanation of aggression. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 9 - 2017 - Paper 1
Question 9
Compare the biological explanation of aggression with Freud’s psychodynamic explanation of aggression.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Compare the biological explanation of aggression with Freud’s psychodynamic explanation of aggression. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 9 - 2017 - Paper 1
Step 1
Biological explanation of aggression
Answer
The biological explanation of aggression emphasizes the role of genetic, neurological, and physiological factors. It posits that aggression can be linked to certain genes, hormonal influences such as testosterone, and brain structures. For instance, the amygdala is associated with aggressive behavior, suggesting that individuals may have a predisposed genetic inclination towards aggression based on these biological factors.
Step 2
Freud’s psychodynamic explanation of aggression
Answer
Freud’s psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious mind and internal conflicts. According to Freud, aggression arises from the interplay between the id, ego, and superego, with the id containing aggressive urges that must be controlled by the ego to align with societal norms represented by the superego. Freud suggested that unresolved conflicts can lead to repressed aggression, which might be expressed in indirect ways.
Step 3
Comparison of explanations
Answer
While the biological perspective attributes aggression to innate factors, such as genetics and hormones, Freud’s theory emphasizes the psychological aspects rooted in unconscious conflict. Both explanations acknowledge that aggression has underlying causes, but they differ significantly in their frameworks—biological theories favor determinism rooted in physiology, whereas Freudian theory highlights mental processes and conflicts. This illustrates the complexity of human behavior where biological predispositions and psychological factors may converge.