Read Item J below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 15 - 2021 - Paper 2

To evaluate the view that the UK is becoming increasingly secular, it is essential to consider both arguments presented in Item J alongside relevant sociological theories.

Declining Importance of Religion

One perspective supporting the idea of secularisation in the UK is highlighted by the decreasing attendance in religious institutions and ceremonies. Statistics show that church attendance has plummeted, and fewer couples are choosing to marry in religious ceremonies. This aligns with secularisation theory which posits that modern societies move away from religious authority. Influential sociologists such as Bryan Wilson argue that social changes, including increased technological advancement and rational thinking, contribute to this decline.

Changing Interaction with Religion

Conversely, the opposing view suggests that religion is not necessarily losing significance but rather transforming. The rise of individual spirituality and personal belief systems reflects a shift rather than an abandonment of religious belief. For example, the emergence of practices such as spiritualism demonstrates that people seek meaning outside traditional religious frameworks. This view supports the postmodernist perspective that emphasizes the pluralism of beliefs in contemporary society.

Examination of Evidence

It is important to examine empirical evidence to support these arguments. Surveys reveal mixed results regarding the belief in a deity and other spiritual practices. While some reports indicate a decline in formal religious affiliation, others show that many individuals still identify as 'spiritual' or hold beliefs that don't fit into traditional religious categories.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while there is evidence suggesting that formal religious practices are on the decline in the UK, it does not entirely support the idea that society is becoming secular in a strict sense. Instead, religion may be evolving, indicating a complex relationship between society and spirituality. The evaluation suggests a nuanced understanding of secularisation that embraces both declining participation in traditional religion and the emergence of new forms of spiritual expression.