Read Item B below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 2

Marxism posits that socialisation serves the interests of the dominant class by instilling their values and beliefs in individuals, thereby perpetuating existing social hierarchies.

1. Explanation of Marxist View: The Marxist perspective argues that all agencies of socialisation—such as family, education, and media—actively contribute to the ideological state apparatus, which serves to maintain the power of the ruling class. Children are taught to accept inequality and their place within the social structure.

2. Examples from Socialisation Agencies: In educational institutions, curricula may emphasize themes that glorify capitalism and downplay class struggle, subtly influencing young minds. The family unit often transmits class-based values, including notions of ambition and success as defined by material wealth, reinforcing social stratification.

3. Counterarguments from Other Sociological Perspectives: However, other sociologists like Functionalists argue that socialisation is beneficial to society as a whole, positing that it creates social order and cohesion. For example, the integration of shared values can enhance societal stability and unity, which contradicts the strictly exploitative view of Marxism.

4. Evaluation of Viewpoints: While Marxism provides a critical lens through which to understand social inequality, it may oversimplify the complex functions of socialisation. Incorporating perspectives from Interactionism could affirm that individual interactions also play a significant role in shaping beliefs, thus providing a more nuanced understanding of the socialisation process.

5. Conclusion: In conclusion, while the Marxist view of socialisation highlights the mechanisms of ideological control and class perpetuation, it is essential to consider the broader societal functions and benefits as recognized by alternative sociological perspectives.