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Outline and explain two sociological perspectives on the purpose of social policy in society. - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 3
Question 5
Outline and explain two sociological perspectives on the purpose of social policy in society.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Outline and explain two sociological perspectives on the purpose of social policy in society. - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 3
Step 1
Functionalist Perspective
Answer
The functionalist perspective holds that social policy is essential for maintaining the stability and functionality of society. Functionalists argue that the state and social policies serve the broader purpose of ensuring societal cohesion and facilitating social change. For instance, these policies can be designed to provide education, healthcare, and welfare support, which are deemed necessary for the social order. By promoting equality of opportunity and addressing social issues, functionalists believe these policies contribute to individual and collective well-being, thereby reinforcing the social structure.
Step 2
New Right Perspective
Answer
The New Right perspective critiques traditional welfare policies, positing that such interventions can create dependency on the state. Advocates of this view argue for minimal state intervention, emphasizing free-market solutions to socioeconomic issues. They believe that social policies should encourage individual responsibility and self-sufficiency rather than reliance on government support. This perspective became particularly influential in the 1980s and 1990s, where it argued that welfare policies often undermine family structures and personal accountability. The New Right advocates for a reduction in state involvement, favoring policies that promote entrepreneurship and personal accountability.