Propene, C₃H₆, reacts with H₂O in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an alcohol with molecular formula C₃H₈O - CIE - A-Level Chemistry - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2
Question 6
Propene, C₃H₆, reacts with H₂O in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an alcohol with molecular formula C₃H₈O.
(a) Name this type of reaction.
(b) Name the c... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Propene, C₃H₆, reacts with H₂O in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an alcohol with molecular formula C₃H₈O - CIE - A-Level Chemistry - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2
Step 1
Name this type of reaction.
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Answer
This is an addition reaction, where water is added to propene in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Step 2
Name the catalyst used and state the conditions needed for this reaction to occur.
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Answer
The catalyst used is sulfuric acid or phosphoric(V) acid. The conditions required for this reaction are the presence of steam, heat, and pressure.
Step 3
Complete the table to show the numbers of sigma (σ) bonds and pi (π) bonds present in propene, C₃H₆, and C₃H₈O.
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Answer
σ
π
C₃H₆
9
1
C₃H₈O
10
0
Step 4
Draw structures to identify the more stable and less stable carbocation which can form in step 1. Explain your answer.
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Answer
The more stable carbocation can be represented as a tertiary carbocation (C with three alkyl groups attached), whereas the less stable carbocation is a primary carbocation (C with only one alkyl group attached). The stability is due to the greater inductive effect and electron donation by the alkyl groups in the more stable carbocation.
Step 5
Name the major organic product formed from the reaction of propene, C₃H₆ with H₂O.
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Answer
The major organic product formed is propan-2-ol.
Step 6
Name this type of reaction.
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Answer
This is an elimination reaction.
Step 7
Describe the reagents and conditions needed to favour this reaction.
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Answer
The reagents used are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) in an alcoholic solution. The conditions necessary include heat.
