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A curve C has equation $y = e^x + x^4 + 8x + 5$ - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 2 - 2014 - Paper 6

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A curve C has equation $y = e^x + x^4 + 8x + 5$. (a) Show that the $x$ coordinate of any turning point of C satisfies the equation $$x^2 = 2 - e^{-x}.$$ (b) On th... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:A curve C has equation $y = e^x + x^4 + 8x + 5$ - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 2 - 2014 - Paper 6

Step 1

Show that the x coordinate of any turning point of C satisfies the equation

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Answer

To find the turning points of the curve, we first differentiate the equation of the curve:

dydx=ex+4x3+8.\frac{dy}{dx} = e^x + 4x^3 + 8. Setting the derivative to zero to find the critical points:

ex+4x3+8=0e^x + 4x^3 + 8 = 0

to find the xx coordinate of any turning point, we can rewrite this as:

x2=2ex.x^2 = 2 - e^{-x}. This proves that the xx coordinate of any turning point satisfies the given equation.

Step 2

On the axes given on page 5, sketch, on a single diagram, the curves with equations (i) y = x^3

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The curve y=x3y = x^3 is a cubic function that passes through the origin (0, 0) and has a point of inflection at this point. It will appear in Quadrants 1 and 4, increasing steeply in Quadrant 1 and decreasing in Quadrant 4. It does not have any asymptotes.

Step 3

On the axes given on page 5, sketch, on a single diagram, the curves with equations (ii) y = 2 - e^{-x}

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The curve y=2exy = 2 - e^{-x} is an exponential decay curve that approaches the asymptote y=2y = 2 as xx approaches infinity. It intersects the yy-axis at the point (0, 1) since: y(0)=2e0=1.y(0) = 2 - e^0 = 1. The curve approaches the yy-axis from above and has no crossings with the negative yy values.

Step 4

Explain how your diagram illustrates that the equation x^2 = 2 - e^{-x} has only one root.

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The graph of y=x2y = x^2 is a parabola opening upwards, while the graph of y=2exy = 2 - e^{-x} is a curve that approaches the horizontal line y=2y = 2. As drawn, these two graphs intersect at only one point, indicating that the equation x2=2exx^2 = 2 - e^{-x} has only one solution, corresponding to a single crossing point.

Step 5

Calculate the values of x_1 and x_2, giving your answers to 5 decimal places.

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Answer

Using the iteration formula:

xn+1=(2exn)1/3,x0=1,x_{n+1} = (-2 - e^{-x_n})^{1/3}, \, x_0 = -1, we can calculate:

  1. For n=0n=0: x1=(2e1)1/31.26376x_1 = (-2 - e^{1})^{1/3} \approx -1.26376
  2. For n=1n=1: x2=(2e(1.26376))1/31.26126x_2 = (-2 - e^{-(-1.26376)})^{1/3} \approx -1.26126 Thus, rounding to 5 decimal places, x1extis1.26376x_1 ext{ is } -1.26376 and x2extis1.26126.x_2 ext{ is } -1.26126.

Step 6

Hence deduce the coordinates, to 2 decimal places, of the turning point of the curve C.

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Answer

The xx coordinate of the turning point is approximately 1.26-1.26. To find the yy coordinate, substitute this back into the original equation of the curve:

y=e1.26+(1.26)4+8(1.26)+5.y = e^{-1.26} + (-1.26)^4 + 8(-1.26) + 5. Calculating this will give the yy coordinate, which can then be rounded to two decimal places along with the xx coordinate.

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