A curve C has equation $y = e^x + x^4 + 8x + 5$ - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 2 - 2014 - Paper 6
Question 2
A curve C has equation $y = e^x + x^4 + 8x + 5$.
(a) Show that the $x$ coordinate of any turning point of C satisfies the equation
$$x^2 = 2 - e^{-x}.$$
(b) On th... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:A curve C has equation $y = e^x + x^4 + 8x + 5$ - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 2 - 2014 - Paper 6
Step 1
Show that the x coordinate of any turning point of C satisfies the equation
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Answer
To find the turning points of the curve, we first differentiate the equation of the curve:
dxdy=ex+4x3+8.
Setting the derivative to zero to find the critical points:
ex+4x3+8=0
to find the x coordinate of any turning point, we can rewrite this as:
x2=2−e−x.
This proves that the x coordinate of any turning point satisfies the given equation.
Step 2
On the axes given on page 5, sketch, on a single diagram, the curves with equations (i) y = x^3
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The curve y=x3 is a cubic function that passes through the origin (0, 0) and has a point of inflection at this point. It will appear in Quadrants 1 and 4, increasing steeply in Quadrant 1 and decreasing in Quadrant 4. It does not have any asymptotes.
Step 3
On the axes given on page 5, sketch, on a single diagram, the curves with equations (ii) y = 2 - e^{-x}
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Answer
The curve y=2−e−x is an exponential decay curve that approaches the asymptote y=2 as x approaches infinity. It intersects the y-axis at the point (0, 1) since:
y(0)=2−e0=1.
The curve approaches the y-axis from above and has no crossings with the negative y values.
Step 4
Explain how your diagram illustrates that the equation x^2 = 2 - e^{-x} has only one root.
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Answer
The graph of y=x2 is a parabola opening upwards, while the graph of y=2−e−x is a curve that approaches the horizontal line y=2. As drawn, these two graphs intersect at only one point, indicating that the equation x2=2−e−x has only one solution, corresponding to a single crossing point.
Step 5
Calculate the values of x_1 and x_2, giving your answers to 5 decimal places.
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Answer
Using the iteration formula:
xn+1=(−2−e−xn)1/3,x0=−1,
we can calculate:
For n=0:
x1=(−2−e1)1/3≈−1.26376
For n=1:
x2=(−2−e−(−1.26376))1/3≈−1.26126
Thus, rounding to 5 decimal places, x1extis−1.26376 and x2extis−1.26126.
Step 6
Hence deduce the coordinates, to 2 decimal places, of the turning point of the curve C.
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Answer
The x coordinate of the turning point is approximately −1.26. To find the y coordinate, substitute this back into the original equation of the curve:
y=e−1.26+(−1.26)4+8(−1.26)+5.
Calculating this will give the y coordinate, which can then be rounded to two decimal places along with the x coordinate.