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The curve C has the equation $2x + 3y^2 + 3x^2y = 4x^2$ - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 2 - 2012 - Paper 8

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The curve C has the equation $2x + 3y^2 + 3x^2y = 4x^2$. The point P on the curve has coordinates $(-1, 1)$. (a) Find the gradient of the curve at P. (b) Hence... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:The curve C has the equation $2x + 3y^2 + 3x^2y = 4x^2$ - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 2 - 2012 - Paper 8

Step 1

Find the gradient of the curve at P.

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Answer

To find the gradient of the curve, we need to differentiate the equation implicitly:

Starting with the equation:

2x+3y2+3x2y=4x22x + 3y^2 + 3x^2y = 4x^2

Differentiating both sides with respect to x:

ddx(2x)+ddx(3y2)+ddx(3x2y)=ddx(4x2)\frac{d}{dx}(2x) + \frac{d}{dx}(3y^2) + \frac{d}{dx}(3x^2y) = \frac{d}{dx}(4x^2)

This gives us:

2+6ydydx+3(2xy+x2dydx)=8x2 + 6y \frac{dy}{dx} + 3(2xy + x^2 \frac{dy}{dx}) = 8x

Now substituting point P where (x,y)=(1,1)(x, y) = (-1, 1):

2+6(1)dydx+3(2(1)(1)+(1)2dydx)=8(1)2 + 6(1) \frac{dy}{dx} + 3(2(-1)(1) + (-1)^2 \frac{dy}{dx}) = 8(-1)

Simplifying this leads to:

2+6dydx6+3dydx=82 + 6 \frac{dy}{dx} - 6 + 3 \frac{dy}{dx} = -8

Combining like terms results in:

9dydx4=89 \frac{dy}{dx} - 4 = -8

Thus:

9dydx=4+89dydx=49 \frac{dy}{dx} = -4 + 8 \Rightarrow 9 \frac{dy}{dx} = 4

Finally, the gradient at P is:

dydx=49\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4}{9}

Step 2

Hence find the equation of the normal to C at P.

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Answer

The normal line at point P is perpendicular to the tangent line, which has a gradient of 49\frac{4}{9}. Therefore, the gradient of the normal line will be the negative reciprocal:

mnormal=1(49)=94m_{normal} = -\frac{1}{\left( \frac{4}{9} \right)} = -\frac{9}{4}

Using point-slope form for the equation of the line:

yy1=m(xx1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1)

Substituting (x1,y1)=(1,1)(x_1, y_1) = (-1, 1) and m=94m = -\frac{9}{4}:

y1=94(x+1)y - 1 = -\frac{9}{4}(x + 1)

Expanding this gives:

y1=94x94y - 1 = -\frac{9}{4}x - \frac{9}{4}

Simplifying further results in:

y=94x54y = -\frac{9}{4}x - \frac{5}{4}

To express this in the form ax+by+c=0ax + by + c = 0, we rearrange:

94x+y+54=0\frac{9}{4}x + y + \frac{5}{4} = 0

Multiplying through by 4 to eliminate the fraction:

9x+4y+5=09x + 4y + 5 = 0

Thus, the equation of the normal to C at P is:

9x+4y+5=09x + 4y + 5 = 0

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