Galileo is credited with inventing the first telescope in 1610 - Edexcel - A-Level Physics - Question 18 - 2023 - Paper 2

Virtual: A virtual image is one that cannot be projected on a screen as the rays do not converge at the image location; they only appear to diverge from a point behind the lens.

Upright: An upright image maintains the same orientation as the original object, meaning that it is not inverted.

To draw the ray diagram for the diverging lens, start with an incoming parallel ray toward the lens, which diverges after passing through it. Draw another ray passing through the center of the lens which will continue in a straight line. Extend the diverging rays backward to locate the virtual image.

Given the magnification (M) of the telescope is 10 and the total distance (D) between the lenses is 90 cm:

Using the formula:

To find the mass of Jupiter (M), use Kepler's third law:

$T^2 = \frac{4\pi^2}{G M}a^3$

Where:

• $T = 171$ hours converted to seconds ($171 \times 3600 = 614760\ s$).
• $a = 1.07 \times 10^6 \text{ km} = 1.07 \times 10^9 \text{ m}$. Substituting the values: $M = \frac{4 \pi^2 a^3}{G T^2}$ Using $G = 6.674 \times 10^{-11} \text{ N m}^2\text{ kg}^{-2}$, calculate: $M = \frac{4 \pi^2 (1.07 \times 10^9)^3}{(6.674 \times 10^{-11})(614760)^2} \approx 1.9 \times 10^{27} \text{ kg}$