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To what extent does nationalism divide rather than unite societies? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both sides in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 7
To what extent does nationalism divide rather than unite societies? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both side... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent does nationalism divide rather than unite societies? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both sides in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Agreement with the divisive nature of nationalism
Answer
Nationalism tends to emphasize the differences among various nations and groups, often leading to divisions within societies. Thinkers like Gellner highlight how nationalism can create an 'us vs. them' mentality, leading to conflict and even warfare. For instance, nationalist movements often advocate for exclusive identities, which can alienate minority groups and fuel sectarian strife, as seen in regions affected by ethnic nationalism.
Furthermore, conservative nationalists typically promote a vision of a homogeneous nation, as noted by thinkers like Maurras, which can lead to the exclusion of those who do not fit this identity. As such, nationalism often promotes a sense of superiority over other groups, thus fostering a fragmented social landscape.
Step 2
Disagreement with the unifying aspects of nationalism
Answer
On the other hand, nationalism can also function as a unifying force within societies. Liberal nationalists advocate for an inclusive form of nationalism that focuses on shared values and civic identity rather than ethnic distinctions. Thinkers such as Kymlicka argue that this form of nationalism can establish a common bond among citizens, instilling pride and fostering cooperation.
Moreover, nationalism can act as a source of solidarity during times of crisis, rallying individuals around a common cause, such as independence movements, which historically have drawn diverse groups together to fight against colonial or oppressive regimes. This collective identity can foster a sense of belonging and mutual support, suggesting a complex relationship between nationalism and social cohesion.