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To what extent is nationalism regressive? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both sides in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 7
To what extent is nationalism regressive? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both sides in a balanced way.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent is nationalism regressive? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both sides in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Agreement: Nationalism as Backward Looking
Answer
Some forms of nationalism can be viewed as regressive, particularly those that are conservative or expansionist in nature. These types of nationalism often look backward, romanticizing a 'golden age' and seeking to restore perceived historical or cultural identities. Thinkers such as Eric Hobsbawm highlight how this perspective can lead to exclusionary practices, viewing others as 'strangers' or threats. Such nationalisms can foster conflict and even war, as they create binary distinctions between 'us' and 'them.'
Step 2
Disagreement: Nationalism as Progressive
Answer
Contrarily, liberal and post-colonial forms of nationalism can be seen in a more positive light. Thinkers like Benedict Anderson argue that nationalism can foster social cohesion and a sense of community, which can be a unifying force. This perspective suggests nationalism is not inherently regressive; rather, it can also encourage cooperation and coexistence among diverse groups. Additionally, as liberal and anti-colonial nationalisms arise, they often challenge imperial narratives, advocating for self-determination and equality, thereby potentially leading to progressive outcomes.
Step 3
Conclusion: A Balanced Perspective
Answer
In conclusion, to evaluate the extent to which nationalism is regressive requires nuanced consideration. While conservative and expansionist forms of nationalism can encourage conflict and exclusion, more liberal interpretations may offer pathways to solidarity and progressive change. Ultimately, the implications of nationalism depend greatly on the specific context and ideology embraced within nationalist movements.