Photo AI
To what extent do prime ministers control the decisions made by their government? - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2014 - Paper 2
Question 2
To what extent do prime ministers control the decisions made by their government?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent do prime ministers control the decisions made by their government? - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2014 - Paper 2
Step 1
Methods of Control
Answer
Prime ministers wield significant control over the decisions made by their governments through various mechanisms:
- Agenda Control: The Prime Minister exercises agenda control over cabinet meetings, determining which issues are discussed and prioritized.
- Patronage: They distribute roles and responsibilities, granting power to loyal supporters and ensuring their alignment with government decisions.
- Cabinet Committees: By leading cabinet committees, they influence policy-making processes.
- Sofa Politics: Informal discussions and negotiations often take place outside official meetings, allowing the Prime Minister to steer decisions subtly.
- Government Structure: The Prime Minister chairs the cabinet and is viewed as the primary decision-maker, which strengthens their authority in political matters.
In addition to these methods, the Prime Minister has access to a coordinated government apparatus, including the Cabinet Office and various advisors, making it easier to implement decisions effectively.
Step 2
Limits to Control
Answer
Despite their powers, Prime Ministers face several constraints:
- Chancellor's Influence: Some ministers, like the Chancellor, possess significant authority, potentially challenging the Prime Minister's directives.
- Cabinet Decisions: The Prime Minister can only propose policies; cabinet members can override their decisions if they collectively oppose them.
- Legislative Approval: Many decisions require parliamentary approval, limiting the Prime Minister's unilateral power.
- External Constraints: Domestic and global events can hinder decision-making, forcing Prime Ministers to adapt rather than dictate.
- Party Constraints: Pressure from party members can also restrict the Prime Minister's autonomy, especially in fragile coalitions like those with the Lib Dems.
Step 3
Case Studies
Answer
To understand the extent of control exercised by different Prime Ministers, consider:
- David Cameron: His tenure highlighted the balance between leadership and coalition dynamics, requiring negotiation with the Lib Dems to achieve policy goals.
- Tony Blair: Often cited for effectively leading Labour and asserting prime ministerial control, yet faced opposition within his party over key decisions.
A comprehensive analysis should include multiple Prime Ministers to illustrate the varying degrees of control influenced by external factors and party dynamics.