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Assess the impact of the reforms that have been made to the UK constitution since 1997. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 1 - 2018 - Paper 2
Question 1
Assess the impact of the reforms that have been made to the UK constitution since 1997.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Assess the impact of the reforms that have been made to the UK constitution since 1997. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 1 - 2018 - Paper 2
Step 1
Reform of the House of Lords
Answer
The House of Lords saw a significant reform with the removal of the majority of hereditary peers, leaving only 92 remaining. This change has resulted in the House of Lords becoming more assertive and engaged in the legislative process. Although this was an important first step towards a more democratic chamber, further reforms have not taken place, limiting the overall impact of these changes.
Step 2
Devolution to the Regions
Answer
Devolution has restored local pride and civic culture, allowing regions to have more say in local governance. This process has led to new policy options and solutions, especially in areas like Northern Ireland after the 'troubles'. However, the effects of devolution have been asymmetrical and have contributed to ongoing tensions, particularly with Scotland's calls for further independence. The mixed impact reflects both benefits and challenges in local governance.
Step 3
Human Rights Act (HRA)
Answer
The introduction of the Human Rights Act brought the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law, granting citizens access to these rights as if they were part of domestic legislation. While this has increased protections, it has also led to some controversy, especially among certain political factions who have critiqued its implementation. There is also a desire from some parties to create a British Bill of Rights, which may alter the landscape of human rights protections.
Step 4
In-built Advantages for the Government
Answer
The reforms have created a situation where the government retains significant advantages in calling elections and managing democratic processes. This means that in circumstances where the government has a majority, they can potentially override dissenting voices, negatively impacting the representativeness of the democratic process.
Step 5
Impact of EU Withdrawal
Answer
The decision to withdraw from the European Union has profound implications for the UK's constitutional framework. This move introduces uncertainties regarding the future relationship between the UK and its regions, as well as the implications for law-making and overall governance. The potential for divergence in legal standards may challenge the unity of the UK and its role in wider contexts, such as human rights and governance.