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Table 4 shows information about four jellyfish - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 6 - 2010 - Paper 1

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Table 4 shows information about four jellyfish. The jellyfish are listed in order of increasing size. Table 4 | Jellyfish | Size of jellyfish | Surface area in mm²... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Table 4 shows information about four jellyfish - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 6 - 2010 - Paper 1

Step 1

Calculate value X in Table 4.

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Answer

To find the value of X, we need to determine the surface area to volume ratio for jellyfish A. The formula for surface area to volume ratio is given by:

extSA:Vratio=Surface AreaVolume ext{SA:V ratio} = \frac{\text{Surface Area}}{\text{Volume}}

Substituting the values for jellyfish A:

X=36001200=3:1X = \frac{3600}{1200} = 3:1

Step 2

Describe the relationship between the size of a jellyfish and its surface area to volume ratio.

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Answer

As the size of the jellyfish increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases. This relationship indicates that larger organisms have a relatively smaller surface area compared to their volume, making it more challenging for diffusion processes such as gas exchange to occur efficiently.

Step 3

Name one other substance that enters cells by diffusion.

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Answer

Water.

Step 4

Suggest two factors that affect the rate of diffusion of oxygen into a jellyfish.

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Answer

  1. Concentration gradient - The steeper the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.
  2. Surface area for diffusion - A larger surface area facilitates a greater rate of diffusion.

Step 5

Name the organs where gas exchange takes place in fish.

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Answer

Gills.

Step 6

Explain how the human breathing system is adapted to maximise the rate of gas exchange.

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Answer

The human breathing system has several adaptations that facilitate efficient gas exchange:

  1. Large Surface Area: The lungs contain millions of alveoli, creating a large surface area for gas exchange, which allows for maximum interaction between air and blood.

  2. Thin Walls: The alveoli and capillaries have very thin walls, which reduce the distance oxygen and carbon dioxide must diffuse, enhancing the speed of gas exchange.

  3. Proximity of Alveoli and Blood Vessels: Alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries, providing a close proximity for oxygen to enter the bloodstream and for carbon dioxide to exit.

  4. Ventilation Mechanism: The lungs are ventilated by breathing, which maintains a constant supply of fresh air, ensuring that oxygen is consistently available while also removing carbon dioxide from the body, thereby maintaining a concentration gradient.

These combined features ensure that the human breathing system operates efficiently for gas exchange.

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