Describe what happens to cells when a tumour forms - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 7 - 2021 - Paper 1

A very low number of red blood cells can lead to tiredness because there is less oxygen transported around the body for cellular respiration. This causes fatigue and decreased energy levels.

A low white blood cell count results in frequent infections, as fewer phagocytes and lymphocytes are available to combat pathogens. This means that the immune response is weakened, making the body susceptible to infections.

Insufficient platelets lead to bleeding that does not stop easily because there are not enough platelets to form clots to seal wounds, causing prolonged bleeding.

Blood group A contains anti-B antibodies that will bind to type B antigens present on the donor's red blood cells, causing them to clump together. This clumping can block capillaries and severely obstruct blood flow, leading to serious complications.

Blood group O has no antigens on its red blood cells, which means there are no antigens to react with the recipient's antibodies. This compatibility allows blood group O cells to circulate without the risk of clumping.

Hepatitis C infection has the lowest probability of occurring compared to the other risks listed.

The person has a tumour blocking the tube leading from the gall bladder to the small intestine, which prevents bile from reaching the small intestine. Without bile, emulsification of fats cannot occur properly, leading to decreased surface area for lipase to act upon, and thus the digestion of fat is impaired.