Reproduction can produce offspring which are:
- genetically different
- genetically identical - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 9 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 9
Reproduction can produce offspring which are:
- genetically different
- genetically identical.
Farmers grow tomato plants in greenhouses.
The tomatoes are sold in ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Reproduction can produce offspring which are:
- genetically different
- genetically identical - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 9 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
Suggest one advantage of growing tomato plants that are genetically different.
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Answer
Growing genetically different tomatoes can provide variation in traits, such as taste or disease resistance, allowing for better adaptation to changing environments or consumer preferences.
Step 2
Suggest one advantage of growing tomato plants that are genetically identical.
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Answer
Genetically identical tomato plants can ensure uniformity in size and quality of the produce, making it easier to meet market demands.
Step 3
What is tissue culture?
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Answer
Tissue culture is a technique in which cells are grown in a controlled environment to produce genetically identical organisms, often used for the propagation of rare or valuable plant varieties.
Step 4
Give one reason why genetically identical tomato plants growing in the same garden do not grow to the same height.
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Answer
Differences in environmental factors such as soil nutrients, water availability, or light exposure can cause variations in growth among genetically identical plants.
Step 5
Complete the Punnett square diagram in Figure 15 to show the inheritance of sex in dogs.
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Answer
The Punnett square should show:
X
Y
X
XX
XY
X
XX
XY
Step 6
Why might you expect there to be three male offspring and three female offspring?
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Answer
Since the male gametes can be either X or Y, there is an equal probability of each sperm fertilizing an egg, leading to a 50% chance for male (XY) or female (XX) offspring. Therefore, in six births, a ratio of three males to three females is expected.
Step 7
Suggest two factors that the farmer should have considered when investigating the growth rates of the chickens.
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Answer
Factors that should be considered include:
The type of feed given to each variety of chicken, as nutrition significantly affects growth rates.
The environment in which the chickens are kept, including temperature and space allowed for movement.
Step 8
Give the reason the farmer used a large number of chickens.
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Using a large number of chickens ensures more reliable results, reduces the impact of anomalies, and allows for the calculation of more accurate mean values.
Step 9
Describe how selective breeding of chicken varieties A and B can produce the new variety of chicken.
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Selective breeding can be accomplished by crossbreeding chickens from both varieties A and B, specifically choosing offspring that exhibit desirable traits, such as high egg production and rapid growth. By continuing this process over several generations, the farmer can develop a new variety that maintains these sought-after characteristics.
