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This question is about hydrocarbons and crude oil - AQA - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 7
This question is about hydrocarbons and crude oil. 07.1 Hydrocarbon fuels are produced from crude oil. Describe how crude oil is separated into fractions. Butane ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:This question is about hydrocarbons and crude oil - AQA - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Describe how crude oil is separated into fractions.
Answer
Crude oil is separated into fractions through a process called fractional distillation. The oil is first heated to a high temperature to vaporize it. As the vapor rises through a vertical column, a temperature gradient is established, with the top being cooler than the bottom. The vapor then condenses back into liquid at various levels of the column based on the boiling points of the different components. Each fraction collects at different heights in the column, allowing for separation into useful products.
Step 2
Why are different products formed?
Answer
Different products are formed during the combustion of butane due to varying amounts of oxygen available in the reaction. Incomplete combustion occurs when there is not enough oxygen, leading to the formation of carbon monoxide and other byproducts instead of just carbon dioxide and water.
Step 3
Step 4
Describe the greenhouse effect in terms of the interaction of short and long wavelength radiation with matter.
Answer
The greenhouse effect involves short wavelength radiation from the Sun entering the Earth's atmosphere. Some of this radiation is absorbed by materials on the Earth's surface and is then re-emitted as longer wavelength radiation. This longer wavelength radiation can be trapped by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, resulting in an increase in the Earth's temperature as it prevents radiation from escaping back into space.